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Force on a current-carrying conductor, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field, at right angles to both the current and the field.

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EnglishForce on a current-carrying conductor
Bahasa MelayuDaya pada konduktor pembawa arus
中文载流导体所受的力

Definition

The force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field, at right angles to both the current and the field.

Electromagnetism

In exam terms

The force on a current-carrying conductor is the force felt by a wire carrying current when it is placed in a magnetic field, acting at right angles to both the current and the field. This is the catapult effect that drives electric motors.

The force is measured in newtons (N).

The force is larger when the current is larger, the magnetic field is stronger, or the length of wire in the field is greater, and it is greatest when the wire is perpendicular to the field. Its direction is found using Fleming's left-hand rule: thumb for thrust (force), first finger for field, second finger for current.

Example of correct use: Reversing the current reverses the direction of the force on the conductor.

Do not confuse it with…

Do not confuse this with electromagnetic induction. Here a current is supplied to a conductor in a field and a force results (motor effect); in induction, movement or a changing field produces an e.m.f. and current (generator effect).

Also use Fleming's left-hand rule here, not the right-hand rule which is for induction.

In Paper 2 this is asked as state or explain: state the direction of the force using Fleming's left-hand rule, or explain how to increase the force. When answering, always name the rule and match thumb, first and second fingers to force, field and current.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

Which rule gives the direction of the force?
Fleming's left-hand rule. Point the first finger along the magnetic field, the second finger along the current, and the thumb then points in the direction of the force on the conductor.
How can the force on the conductor be increased?
Increase the current, use a stronger magnet, or place a longer length of wire in the field. Keeping the wire perpendicular to the field also gives the maximum force.
What happens if the wire is parallel to the magnetic field?
No force acts on the wire. The force is greatest when the current is perpendicular to the field and falls to zero when the current runs along the field lines.

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