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Gravitational field strength, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The gravitational force acting on each kilogram of mass at a point in a field; measured in newtons per kilogram (N kg⁻¹).

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EnglishGravitational field strength
Bahasa MelayuKekuatan medan graviti
中文引力场强度

Definition

The gravitational force acting on each kilogram of mass at a point in a field; measured in newtons per kilogram (N kg⁻¹).

Gravitation

In exam terms

Gravitational field strength is the gravitational force acting on each kilogram of mass at a point in a field. It is a vector directed towards the mass and its SI unit is the newton per kilogram (N kg⁻¹).

It is found from g = F ÷ m.

Here F is the gravitational force in newtons (N) and m is the mass in kilograms (kg). For example, a 2 kg object with weight 19.6 N sits in a field of g = F ÷ m = 19.6 N ÷ 2 kg = 9.8 N kg⁻¹.

Numerically this value also equals the gravitational (free-fall) acceleration in m s⁻².

Do not confuse it with…

Do not confuse gravitational field strength (g in N kg⁻¹, force per unit mass) with weight (W in N, the force itself). Weight = mass × field strength, so the field strength is what is left after you divide the weight by the mass.

In Paper 2 you may be asked to define gravitational field strength, or to calculate it from a given weight and mass. Note that although g near Earth is written as 9.81 N kg⁻¹ or 9.81 m s⁻², the two units describe the same quantity in different roles.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

Why can g be written in both N kg⁻¹ and m s⁻²?
As a field strength it is force per unit mass (N kg⁻¹); as a free-fall acceleration it is m s⁻². The two units are numerically equal because 1 N kg⁻¹ = 1 m s⁻².
How do I calculate gravitational field strength?
Use g = F ÷ m. Divide the gravitational force (the weight) in newtons by the mass in kilograms to get the value in N kg⁻¹.
Does field strength change with height?
Yes. Field strength decreases as you move farther from a planet's centre, following g = GM ÷ r², so it is slightly smaller on a high mountain than at sea level.

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