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Manometer, Meaning (SPM Physics)

A U-shaped tube containing liquid used to measure the pressure of a gas by comparing liquid levels in its two arms.

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EnglishManometer
Bahasa MelayuManometer
中文压强计

Definition

A U-shaped tube containing liquid used to measure the pressure of a gas by comparing liquid levels in its two arms.

Pressure

In exam terms

A manometer is a U-shaped tube containing a liquid, used to measure the pressure of a gas supply by comparing the liquid levels in its two arms. One arm is connected to the gas and the other is open to the atmosphere.

The gas pressure is found from the difference in liquid levels, h, using the liquid column pressure hρg (where ρ is the liquid density in kg m⁻³ and g is in N kg⁻¹). If the gas pushes the liquid down on its side so the open side is higher by h, then gas pressure = atmospheric pressure + hρg.

Example sentence of correct use: The manometer shows a level difference of 0.15 m, so the gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Do not confuse it with a barometer

Do not confuse a manometer with a barometer. A barometer, usually a mercury column in a tube closed at the top with a vacuum above, measures atmospheric pressure directly.

A manometer measures the pressure of a connected gas supply relative to the atmosphere, using the difference in levels between its two open arms.

In Paper 2 this is often asked as determine the gas pressure from a manometer diagram, or state whether the gas pressure is above or below atmospheric pressure by comparing which arm is higher. Remember to add the atmospheric pressure and the column pressure hρg together for the gas side.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

How do I read the gas pressure from a manometer?
Measure the vertical difference h between the two liquid levels and work out the column pressure hρg. If the open arm is higher, the gas pressure equals atmospheric pressure plus hρg; if the gas arm is higher, subtract hρg instead.
What does it mean if both levels are equal?
Equal levels mean the difference h is zero, so there is no extra column pressure. The gas pressure is then equal to the atmospheric pressure acting on the open arm.
How is a manometer different from a barometer?
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure using a closed tube with a vacuum above the liquid. A manometer measures the pressure of a connected gas relative to the atmosphere using two open arms and the difference in liquid levels.

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