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Radioactivity, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The spontaneous emission of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma) from the unstable nuclei of certain atoms.

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EnglishRadioactivity
Bahasa MelayuKeradioaktifan
中文放射性

Definition

The spontaneous emission of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma) from the unstable nuclei of certain atoms.

Nuclear Physics

In exam terms

Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma) from the unstable nuclei of certain atoms. It is spontaneous because it happens on its own without any external trigger, and it is random because it cannot be predicted exactly when a particular nucleus will decay.

The activity of a source is measured in becquerel (Bq), where 1 Bq = 1 decay per second.

A correct sentence: "Radioactivity is emitted because the nucleus has too many neutrons or protons to be stable." It is not affected by temperature, pressure or chemical state.

Do not confuse it with…

Do not confuse radioactivity with radioactive decay. Radioactivity is the general phenomenon of emitting radiation; radioactive decay is the individual process by which one unstable nucleus changes into a more stable one.

Also distinguish it from ordinary ionisation: radioactivity comes from the nucleus, not from removing electrons.

In Paper 2 you may be asked to define radioactivity, state that it is spontaneous and random, or explain why it is not affected by physical conditions.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

What does spontaneous mean in radioactivity?
It means the emission of radiation happens on its own, without any external cause such as heating or a chemical reaction.
What does random mean in radioactivity?
It means you cannot predict exactly which nucleus will decay or exactly when it will decay.
Can radioactivity be sped up by heating?
No. Radioactivity is not affected by temperature, pressure or chemical state, because it comes from the nucleus.

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