Back to top

Waves Calculations (Medium), SPM Physics

The Medium calculation set for Waves. Use the same method every time and show every line of working.

  • Specialist SPM Physics tutoring
  • 5,000+ students helped
  • Experienced Physics teachers
  • Fully online 1-to-1, nationwide
  • Real 1-hour paid trial, from RM50/hr
  • Built on the official SPM syllabus

How to approach

These need a rearrangement or two steps, often finding one quantity before the one asked for.

The method

  1. List what is given, with units.
  2. Choose the formula and rearrange for the unknown.
  3. Substitute with units on every line.
  4. Round to the correct significant figures.

Worked examples

Wave speed
v = fλ
A wave has frequency f = 50 Hz and wavelength λ = 0.4 m. v = fλ = 50 × 0.4 = 20 m s⁻¹.
Period and frequency
T = 1 / f
A vibration has frequency f = 20 Hz. T = 1 / f = 1 / 20 = 0.05 s.
Interference of waves
λ = ax / D
Slits a = 0.5 mm apart, fringes x = 2.0 mm apart, screen at D = 2.0 m. λ = ax / D = (5.0 × 10⁻⁴ × 2.0 × 10⁻³) / 2.0 = 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ m.

Where marks are lost

Skipping units, rounding too early, and writing only the final answer (which loses method marks in Paper 2).

Practise these

Try each formula above with your own numbers, showing every line. Bring anything you get stuck on to a one-to-one lesson.

Formulas you use for Waves calculations

These mid-level problems draw on the 3 relationships in Waves. None is printed in the exam, so recall each and write its symbols with units before substituting:

  • v = fλ, Wave speed
  • T = 1 / f, Period and frequency
  • λ = ax / D, Interference of waves

A worked example, with units on every line

Using T = 1 / f (T = period (s); f = frequency (Hz)):

A vibration has frequency f = 20 Hz.
T = 1 / f = 1 / 20 = 0.05 s.

Where the marks are, and the common mistakes

In Paper 2, calculation marks are awarded line by line: the formula, the substitution with units, and the final answer with its unit and sensible significant figures. Watch this trap: Period and frequency are reciprocals: T in seconds, f in hertz.

Do not confuse the two. For mid-level items, expect one rearrangement and a unit conversion.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Written by the spmphysics.com.my editorial team.· Updated 5 Sept 2026

Frequently asked questions

Are formulas given in the exam?
No. You must recall SPM Physics formulas.
Is a formula sheet given for these calculations?
No. SPM Physics (4531) provides no formula sheet, recall each formula and write units on every line.
What does the medium band mean?
Mid-level items usually need one rearrangement and a unit conversion.
Can a tutor mark my working?
Yes, in a one-to-one lesson the teacher checks each line and fixes the exact step that loses marks. From RM50/hr, paid trial available.

Book a Trial Class

One-hour paid trial · Same-day reply · from RM50/hr

Book a Trial Class

One-hour paid trial · Same-day reply