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Direct current, Meaning (SPM Physics)

An electric current that flows in one direction only.

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EnglishDirect current
Bahasa MelayuArus terus
中文直流电

Definition

An electric current that flows in one direction only.

Electromagnetism

In exam terms

Direct current (d.c.) is an electric current that flows in one direction only. Current is measured in amperes (A).

On a current-time graph, a steady direct current is shown as a horizontal line that stays on one side of the time axis.

Direct current is supplied by cells and batteries, and it is what most electronic circuits use internally. Because the direction never reverses, one terminal stays positive and the other stays negative.

Example of correct use: The 1.5 V dry cell drives a direct current through the torch bulb in a single direction. An alternating current can be converted to direct current using a rectifier.

Do not confuse it with…

Do not confuse direct current with alternating current (a.c.). Alternating current reverses direction regularly and its current-time graph crosses the time axis, while direct current keeps one direction and stays on one side of the axis.

Only alternating current can be used with a transformer.

In Paper 2 this is asked as define or compare: define direct current, or compare the current-time graphs of d.c. and a.c. When comparing, state that d.c. is one-directional (a straight horizontal line) and a.c. is bidirectional (a curve crossing the axis).

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

What does the current-time graph of direct current look like?
A steady direct current is a horizontal straight line on one side of the time axis, showing constant size and one fixed direction.
What supplies direct current?
Cells and batteries supply direct current. Electronic devices also use it internally, often obtained by rectifying an alternating supply.
Can direct current be used with a transformer?
No. A transformer needs a changing magnetic flux to work, and steady direct current gives a constant flux, so no output voltage is induced.

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