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Measurement error, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The difference between a measured value and the true value of a quantity.

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EnglishMeasurement error
Bahasa MelayuRalat pengukuran
中文测量误差

Definition

The difference between a measured value and the true value of a quantity.

Measurement

In exam terms

A measurement error is the difference between a measured value and the true value of a quantity. Errors come in two main types: systematic errors, which shift every reading in the same direction (for example a zero error), and random errors, which scatter readings unpredictably (for example parallax).

Systematic errors can be reduced by checking the instrument for a zero error and correcting it; random errors can be reduced by repeating and averaging. A correct sentence: The zero error of the ammeter causes a systematic error in every reading.

Do not confuse error with mistake

Do not confuse a measurement error with a careless mistake. An error is an unavoidable limitation of the instrument or method; a mistake is a blunder such as misreading a scale, and is not counted as an error type.

In Paper 2 you may be asked to state and explain a source of error and how to reduce it. To reduce random error, repeat and take an average; to reduce systematic error, correct the zero error or eliminate parallax by viewing at eye level.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between systematic and random error?
A systematic error shifts every reading the same way, such as a zero error. A random error scatters readings both above and below the true value, such as parallax.
How do I reduce random error?
Repeat the measurement several times and take the average. Averaging cancels out the scatter above and below the true value.
Is a zero error systematic or random?
It is a systematic error, because it adds the same fixed amount to every reading. You correct it by subtracting the zero error.

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