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Threshold frequency, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The minimum frequency of light needed to cause the emission of electrons from a particular metal surface.

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Definition

The minimum frequency of light needed to cause the emission of electrons from a particular metal surface.

Quantum Physics

In exam terms

The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of light needed to cause the emission of electrons from a particular metal surface. Its symbol is f₀ and it is measured in hertz (Hz).

Below it, no electrons are emitted no matter how bright the light.

It links to the work function by f₀ = W / h, where W is the work function and h is Planck's constant. A correct exam line: f₀ = W / h = (3.3 × 10⁻¹⁹ J) ÷ (6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J s) = 5.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz. At exactly f₀, an electron is just freed with zero kinetic energy.

Do not confuse it with…

Do not confuse the threshold frequency with the work function. The threshold frequency is a frequency (in Hz); the work function is an energy (in J).

They are linked by W = hf₀, so a metal with a larger work function has a higher threshold frequency.

In Paper 2 this is asked as define the threshold frequency, or determine it from the intercept of an energy–frequency graph. When defining, always include 'minimum frequency' and 'for a particular metal', a metal with a different work function has a different f₀, and always give the unit as Hz.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

What is the threshold frequency?
It is the minimum frequency of light that will just cause electrons to be emitted from a particular metal. Below this frequency, no electrons come out however bright the light is.
How is threshold frequency linked to the work function?
By W = hf₀, so f₀ = W / h. A metal that needs more energy to release an electron (larger W) has a higher threshold frequency f₀.
What happens to an electron at exactly the threshold frequency?
The photon energy hf₀ exactly equals the work function, so the electron is just freed with zero kinetic energy. Any higher frequency gives the electron surplus kinetic energy.

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