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Frequency, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The number of complete oscillations or waves produced in one second; measured in hertz (Hz).

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EnglishFrequency
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中文频率

Definition

The number of complete oscillations or waves produced in one second; measured in hertz (Hz).

Waves

In exam terms

Frequency is the number of complete oscillations or waves produced in one second. Its symbol is f and its unit is the hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz = 1 oscillation per second (s⁻¹).

Frequency is the reciprocal of the period: f = 1 ÷ T, with T in seconds. For example, if one complete wave takes 0.02 s, then f = 1 ÷ 0.02 s = 50 Hz.

Frequency also appears in the wave equation v = fλ. A source of high frequency produces more waves each second, so for a fixed speed the wavelength is shorter.

Do not confuse it with period

Frequency counts waves per second (Hz), while period is the time for one wave (s). They are reciprocals: f = 1 ÷ T. A frequent slip is quoting a period in hertz or a frequency in seconds, which loses marks.

In Paper 2 you may be asked to state what frequency means or to calculate it using f = 1 ÷ T or f = v ÷ λ. Give the answer in hertz, and remember that when a wave crosses into a new medium during refraction the frequency stays the same.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

What is 1 hertz?
One hertz (1 Hz) means one complete oscillation or wave per second, so 1 Hz = 1 s⁻¹. A frequency of 50 Hz means 50 complete waves pass a point each second.
How are frequency and period related?
They are reciprocals: f = 1 ÷ T and T = 1 ÷ f. If the period is 0.02 s, the frequency is 1 ÷ 0.02 s = 50 Hz.
Does frequency change during refraction?
No. When a wave passes into a different medium its speed and wavelength change, but its frequency stays the same because the source keeps producing the same number of waves per second.

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