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Period, Meaning (SPM Physics)

The time taken to complete one full oscillation or one complete wave; measured in seconds (s).

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EnglishPeriod
Bahasa MelayuTempoh
中文周期

Definition

The time taken to complete one full oscillation or one complete wave; measured in seconds (s).

Waves

In exam terms

Period is the time taken to complete one full oscillation or to produce one complete wave. Its symbol is T and its unit is the second (s).

Period is the reciprocal of frequency: T = 1 ÷ f, with f in Hz. For example, a wave of frequency 25 Hz has period T = 1 ÷ 25 Hz = 0.04 s.

You can also find the period by timing several oscillations and dividing: if a pendulum makes 20 swings in 30 s, T = 30 s ÷ 20 = 1.5 s. On a displacement-time graph the period is the horizontal length of one complete cycle.

Do not confuse it with wavelength

Period is a time (seconds) read from a displacement-time graph, while wavelength is a distance (metres) read from a displacement-distance graph. Both look like one complete cycle, so always check the horizontal axis before you answer.

In Paper 2 you may be asked to define period, to determine it from a graph, or to calculate it with T = 1 ÷ f. To reduce timing error in an experiment, time many oscillations and divide by the number of oscillations, then give T in seconds.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

What is the unit and symbol of period?
The period uses the symbol T and is measured in seconds (s), because it is a time, the time for one complete oscillation or wave.
How do I calculate period from frequency?
Period is the reciprocal of frequency: T = 1 ÷ f. For a frequency of 25 Hz, T = 1 ÷ 25 Hz = 0.04 s.
Why time many oscillations instead of one?
Timing a single oscillation gives a large percentage error from your reaction time. Timing 20 oscillations and dividing by 20 spreads that error out, giving a more reliable period.

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