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Wave, Meaning (SPM Physics)

A disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter.

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Definition

A disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter.

Waves

In exam terms

A wave is a disturbance (a vibration or oscillation) that travels through a medium or through space and transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter. The particles of the medium only oscillate about their fixed equilibrium positions; they do not move along with the wave.

A wave is described by its amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period, and its speed is given by v = fλ, where v is speed in m s⁻¹, f is frequency in hertz (Hz) and λ is wavelength in metres (m). Example of correct use: a water wave carries energy across the pond, but a floating leaf only bobs up and down as the wave passes.

Do not confuse it with…

Do not confuse a wave with the movement of matter: a wave carries energy, but the particles of the medium stay in the same average place. Also distinguish mechanical waves (such as sound and water waves, which need a medium) from electromagnetic waves (such as light, which can travel through a vacuum).

In Paper 2 this is usually asked as state what is meant by a wave or explain how a wave transfers energy. A full answer must say that energy is transferred without the transfer of matter, which is the key marking point.

Source: DSKP KSSM Physics Form 4 and 5 (Versi English) (Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), KPM)

Frequently asked questions

Does a wave transfer matter?
No. A wave transfers only energy. The particles of the medium vibrate about their fixed positions but do not travel along with the wave.
What is the difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?
Mechanical waves such as sound need a medium to travel through, while electromagnetic waves such as light can also travel through a vacuum.
What quantities describe a wave?
Amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period, with the wave speed linked to frequency and wavelength by v = fλ.

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