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SPM Physics Command Words: State, Explain, Calculate, Suggest

Marks are won or lost on the command word. "State" wants one line; "explain" wants cause and effect; "calculate" wants full working; "suggest" wants a reasoned idea. Answer what the verb asks.

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Recall words: define, state, list

Command words tell you exactly what an answer must do, and matching them is often the difference between a mark and a blank. The recall-level words ask you to reproduce known physics.

  • Define asks for a precise meaning, often the full statement of a quantity, sometimes with its formula and unit.
  • State asks for a short fact, value or relationship, with no explanation needed.
  • List asks for a set of short items, one after another.

Keep these answers tight: give exactly what is asked and no padding. Because there is no formula sheet, a definition that includes a formula must come from memory.

Read the mark allocation, since a 1-mark state needs only one clear point.

Reasoning words: explain, describe, compare

These words ask you to develop an answer rather than just recall it.

  • Explain asks for reasons or a mechanism: say why something happens, usually with because or therefore linking cause to effect.
  • Describe asks what happens, step by step, without necessarily giving the reason, for example describing a trend on a graph.
  • Compare asks for both similarities and differences, ideally paired point against point, and a comparison of two things should mention both.

Match points to marks: a 3-mark explain usually needs three linked points. Use correct physics terms rather than vague words, since precision is what the examiner rewards.

Application words: calculate, determine, suggest, predict

These words apply physics to a task or a new situation.

  • Calculate asks for a numerical answer with working shown: write the formula, substitute with units, and give the answer with its unit.
  • Determine asks you to find a value using given data, which may mean reading from a graph before calculating.
  • Suggest asks you to apply knowledge to an unfamiliar context, where more than one sensible answer can be correct if it is physically sound.
  • Predict asks for an expected outcome, usually with a brief reason.

Example for calculate: I = V ÷ R, so I = 12 V ÷ 4 Ω, giving I = 3 A. Every calculation line carries units.

Frequently asked questions

What language are lessons in?
Lessons are in English; SPM Physics papers are bilingual (BM/EN).
Do you predict the questions?
No. We teach technique and the syllabus; we do not predict exam questions.
What does the command word explain require?

Reasons or a mechanism. You must say why something happens, linking cause to effect with words like because or therefore, and give one linked point per mark.

What is the difference between describe and explain?

Describe asks what happens, step by step; explain asks why it happens, giving the reason or mechanism behind it.

Does compare need both similarities and differences?

Yes. A comparison should give similarities and differences, ideally paired point against point rather than describing only one item.

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